Hoplite (infantry) Phalanx: soldiers group up in a tight, organized lattice
Pros: Robust, simple, individuals are expendable.
Cons: slow, vulnerable at flanks, untenable formation in uneven terrain.
Macedonian Phalanx: Hoplite Phalanx with sarissas (long, bi-tipped spears) and companion cavalry.
Pros: Robust, simple, protected flanks, room to strategize. Cons: Really slow, impossible to hold formation on uneven terrain.