1. Arrange students into groups. Each group needs at least ONE person who has a mobile device.
2. If their phone camera doesn't automatically detect and decode QR codes, ask students to
4. Cut them out and place them around your class / school.
1. Give each group a clipboard and a piece of paper so they can write down the decoded questions and their answers to them.
2. Explain to the students that the codes are hidden around the school. Each team will get ONE point for each question they correctly decode and copy down onto their sheet, and a further TWO points if they can then provide the correct answer and write this down underneath the question.
3. Away they go! The winner is the first team to return with the most correct answers in the time available. This could be within a lesson, or during a lunchbreak, or even over several days!
4. A detailed case study in how to set up a successful QR Scavenger Hunt using this tool can be found here.
Question | Answer |
| 1. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 1 -- I was the chief editor of the Encyclopedia, it encapsulated all the learning and thinking of the eighteenth century and Louis XVI himself owned a set. | Diderot, Denis (1713-84) | 2. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 2 -- I wrote “De l’esprit des lois — The Spirit of the Laws (1748)”, in which I presented the idea of the separation of powers and argued the virtues of a constitutional monarchy, it was very influential in Enlightenment circles. | Montesquieu, Charles (1689-1775) | 3. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 3 -- I am a Swiss political writer and philosopher. I put forward the ideas of the General Will and of the natural goodness of man in my works Emile (1762), a treatise on education, and The Social Contract (1762). I really dislike Voltaire. | Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-78) | 4. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 4 -- I am one of the most celebrated of French eighteenth-century writers, responsible for many satires, poems, novels and other works, all putting forward Enlightened reforming ideas. I really disliked the church. I died before the French Revolution but my ideas were very influential. | Voltaire, Fancois-Marie de Arouet de (1694-1778) | 5. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 5 -- I am the youngest brother of Louis XVI, well known as a rake and a womaniser. In 1788 I was the major influence behind the Memorandum of the Princes of the Blood, the manifesto of the most reactionary nobles, and I left Versailles on 16 July 1789 for the Austrian Netherlands, becoming the leader of the émigrés. I finally became King as Charles X in 1824, but was overthrown in 1830. I died in exile in Austria. | Artois, Charles-Philippe, comte d'(1757-1836) | 6. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 6 -- In 1774, my grandfather died, and I became King. I was then twenty years old. I was crowned in the cathedral at Rheims as an absolute, divine right monarch. Francois Furet sees me as 'having inherited a power too contested to remain an absolute monarch ... too weak to lead my kingdom towards something else." I was attacked for my virtues: In 1787, with the crisis of bankruptcy threatening, I took Calonne's advice and called the Assembly of Notables. Faced with their refusal to support reforms to taxation, I tried to register the reforms with the Parlement of Paris, unleashing a political rebellion. In 1788, I submitted to calls for an Estates-General, thereby unleashing the momentum for reform. Absolute monarchy, the system of privilege, aristocratic society itself, came under attack. Sovereignty was transferred to the National Assembly. By October 1789, I was virtually a prisoner, forced to move from Versailles to Paris by the mob. The breaking point with the revolutionary forces came in 1790, with the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. I was forced to sign it, but my religious beliefs meant I could not accept the primacy of state over God. On 20 June 1791, we made a clumsy attempt to escape the Revolution, but were recaptured at Varennes and returned to Paris. Imprisoned at the Tuileries Palace, we found ourselves at the mercy of the mob and under attack from the radical Jacobins and Cordeliers, who were determined that Louis should face trial for treason. Forced to flee the Tuileries on 10 August 1792, we were imprisoned in the Temple. I took refuge in prayer, finding spiritual solace in my faith. At my trial, I remained silent. Found guilty of treason, I approached my execution with courage and was guillotined on 21 January 1793. | Louis XVI (1754-93) | 7. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 7 -- I was the youngest daughter of Queen Marie-Theresa of Austria. My marriage to Louis XVI was arranged as a result of a political alliance between France and Austria. I married Louis XVI by proxy in 1769 at Vienna and then left my homeland for my new country. On 8 May 1770, diplomats and court officials from France met my at the Rhine near Strasbourg. Eight days later, on May 16, I finally met my husband at Versailles. The marriage was not consummated until 1777 and my first child was finally born in 1778, a girl, followed by two sons in 1781 and 1785. By then, the royal family had become an object of ridicule. Marie-Antoinette's own reputation was damaged by rumours that the King's inadequacies had caused my to take lovers. My Austrian origins were held against her. I was said to be ambitious for power, sexually loose and financially extravagant. I was commonly called the 'Austrian whore' and 'Madame Deficit', reflecting the people's suspicion of her. In 1785-86, my name was further muddied by the 'affair of the diamond necklace'. By the time the Revolution began, I was widely hated, so much so that at the opening ceremony for the Estates-General, the delegates met my arrival with silence. In October 1789, when the women marched to Versailles, only Lafayette's protection and my own courage in facing the crowd saved my from physical assault. Marie-Antoinette did not accept the Revolution passively, but corresponded, negotiated and plotted against it. I played for time, hoping that discontent within France and intervention from my brothers, Joseph II and then Leopold II of Austria, would end the imprisonment of the royal family and restore them to power. The failed attempt of the flight to Varennes sealed the royal family's fate. Public opinion continued to rise against her, branding me a traitor to France, plotting against the Revolution. The old accusations that I was an immoral woman became even more virulent, even accusing me of sexually corrupting my son. In my trial, my son was forced to testify against her. accusing me of incestuous activity with him. I was accused of treason, of financial extravagance with public monies, and of sexual corruption. I was accused of being "fertile in intrigues of every sort ... perverse and familiar with every kind of crime ... the scourge and bloodsucker of the French people" Marie-Antoinette was executed on 16 October 17 93. | Marie-Antoinette (1755-93) | 8. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 8 -- I was born in Geneva, Switzerland, into a Protestant family. I became a banker and made my fortune as a partner in the banking firm of Thellusson and I and then Girardot and Company. In 1776, I took over from Turgot as Director-General of Finances. I became well known to Paris society in the 1770s through my wife's salon and, at the height of the 'Flour Wars' I wrote a popular book urging control over the grain trade. In January, 1781, I published my controversial Compte rendu au Roy', in an attempt to restore confidence in the royal finances by opening them to the scrutiny of the public. By excluding the costs of war from the accounts, I showed the finances to be ten million livres in surplus. | Necker , Jacques (1732-1806) | 9. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 9 -- I had a great deal of personal charm and was favourite in court circles. Queen Marie-Antoinette was one of my patrons. In 1786, I was confronted with the imminent bankruptcy of the state. Realising that the Third Estate was already overtaxed, I devised a plan to raise revenue which included a 'territorial subvention' or tax on the productivity of land. This would allow the eradication of the vingtieme and move some of the tax burden from the peasants to the landowners. However, the reforms would also mean an erosion of the privileged status of the nobility and the Church. I therefore anticipated hostility and requested the King to call an Assembly of Notables, whose support for tax reform would add weight to the royal decree. The move in 1787 to call the Notables was a mistake and led to Calonne's downfall. The 144 Notables saw the opportunity to question the government about spending; resentment of the new taxes grew; and opposition to I grew. I was for ced to flee to England to escape arrest and became an active opponent of the Revolution. My position was taken by another favourite of the Queen's, Lomenie de Brienne. | Calonne, Charles-Alexandre de (1734-1802) | 10. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 10 -- In May, 1787, when Calonne fell from favour, Louis XV1 appointed me to the position of head of the Royal Council of Finances and then chief minister. Like Calonne, I failed to convince the Assembly of Notables to support the tax reforms, so they were dismissed in May, 1787. The tax reforms were then sent directly for registration to the Parlement of Paris, where they again met opposition. In July,1787, the Parlement refused to register the taxes and open hostility flared between the King and the aristocracy. In August, Louis XV1 exiled the recalcitrant magistrates to Troyes, but they won such popular support that I was forced to recall them. Their return was met with demonstrations and riots in Paris. Public pressure was so strong, however, that Louis XVI was forced to agree to the demand for an Estates-General to decide the tax question. I resigned on August 25, 1789. During the revolution, I took the Clerical Oath and continued to work as Bishop of Yonne. During the Terror, however, I was arrested and died in prison on 16 February 1794. | Lomenie de Brienne, Etienne-Charles (1727-94) | 11. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 11 -- I was a scientist, with a particular interest in astronomy. I had been the first to track the orbit of Halley's comet. My political experience came from organising the Third Estate elections to the Estates-General for Paris. In defiance of royal orders, I allowed the sixty Paris districts to elect 407 deputies. This group was to form the Paris Commune, which effectively governed Paris from the Hotel de Ville (Town Hall). I was elected mayor of Paris and deputy of the Third Estate. It was me, as President of the Third Estate deputies, to whom the Tennis Court Oath was made 'never to be separated until we have formed a solid and equitable Constitution as our constituents have asked us to.' Following the Champs de Mars massacre, I lost my popularity and was executed in 1793. | Bailly, Jean-Sylvain (1736-93) | 12. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 12 -- I was a lawyer and a freemason. In 1789, I was elected to represent the Third Estate of Bigorre. I favoured moderate constitutional reform. but was still elected to the National Convention in 1792. I became the leader of the group known as the Plain in the Convention and was elected a member of the Committee of Public Safety in 1793. I supported the Terror, and although sympathetic to Danton and the Indulgents, I survived their fall and was later involved in the plot to depose Robespierre. I remained influential after Thermidor and was favoured by Napoleon Bonaparte. After Bonaparte's fall, I was exiled to Belgium, but returned to France after 1832. where I lived out my days. | Barere, Bertrand (1755-1841) | 13. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 13 -- Born at Grenoble. I became a lawyer and was elected as a deputy of the Third Estate at the Estates General. Along with my friend Mounier, I was actively involved in resisting the monarchy through the Oath of the Tennis Court. Later, I would join the Feuillant faction in an effort to save the constitutional monarchy. I was arrested in August 1792 and executed on 29 November 1793. While in prison. I wrote An Introduction to the French Revolution. | Barnave, Antoine-Pierre (1761-93) | 14. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 14 -- I was born in Corsica, then under French control, and trained for the army. My career epitomised the revolutionary principle of advancement by merit. From 1789 I was friendly with the Jacobins and by 1793 I had gained prominence by retaking the Mediterranean port of Toulon from the British. My friendship with Robespierre the Younger led to my temporary disgrace after Thermidor Year II, but in 1795 I regained my credit by suppressing the royalist rising of Vendemiaire. As a general of the army of the interior I won a succession of dazzling victories, particularly in Italy and Egypt and, in 1799, at the instigation of Sieyes, I overthrew the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire and established a Consulate of three, himself, Sieyes and Duclos, which soon became a dictatorship of one. I took the title of Emperor in 1804. After a disastrous campaign against Russia in 1812, my success in war finally deserted me and I was forced into exile to the island of Elba by the European powers in 1814. I escaped from there and during the One Hundred Days attempted to retake power. I was ultimately defeated at the Battle of Waterloo (1815) and was exiled to the distant island of St. Helena, where I died of a mysterious illness in 1821. | Bonaparte, Napoleon (1756-1821) | 15. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 15 -- I was one of the leading members of the Girondin faction, also known as the 'Brissotins'. I was a lawyer and writer, who was heavily influenced in my thinking by the works of Rousseau. Prior to the Revolution, I had visited England and the United States. I also spent four months in the Bastille for publishing material critical of the government. In 1789, when the Bastille was demolished, I was presented with the keys. On May 6, 1789, I founded the journal Le Patriote Francais which became a strong advocate for the revolution. I joined the Jacobin Club, where I became known for my brilliant oratory and was elected as a deputy to both the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention. Because of my deep interest in foreign affairs, I was influential in shaping France's declaration of war on Austria and Prussia. 'We cannot be calm,' I said, 'until Europe, all Europe, is in flames' My faction led the nation into war. However, the opposition of the Girondins to the execution of Louis XV1 and to the Terror saw them fall from power. I was caught as I attempted to flee France in May 1793, and was executed in October 1793 with other leading Girondins. | Brissot de Warville, Jacques-Pierre (1754-93) | 16. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 16 -- An English orator and Member of Parliament, I was a political theorist whose writings against the Revolution were very influential, especially my Reflections on the French Revolution, published in 1790. | Burke, Edmund (1729-97) | 17. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 17 -- I became famous for the murder of Jean-Paul Marat on 13 July 1793, for which I was guillotined. From a devoutly royalist family, with two brothers who served in the émigré army, it is believed my motives were to do with the imprisonment of the Girondins, including my fiance. | Corday, Marie-Anne Charlotte (1769-93) | 18. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 18 -- I was the son of a lawyer and became a lawyer himself, buying the office of avocat au Conseil du roy. I was generally regarded as being a quiet and conscientious man. but made my entry into politics on 13 July 1789, when it is recorded that I climbed onto a table and urged my fellow citizens to demonstrate against the monarchy. I was not present, however, at the storming of the Bastille. After the Bastille. I joined the National Guard and, in January. 1790. formed the Cordeliers Club with Desmoulins and Billaud-Varenne. I was already a leader of the Paris crowd, with a gift for oratory. I helped plan the journee of 10 August 1792. when Louis XVI and my family were forced to flee the Tuileries. though again, I was not there when the sans-culottes stormed the palace. After this. I became Minister for Justice, supporting Robespierre's call for strong government. However, Simon Schama accused me of 'turning a blind eve to the violence I clearly knew was about to take place in Paris` – the September Massacres. I supported the creation of the Committee of Public Safety on 6 April 1793 'to replace the supreme tribunal of the people's vengeance', even suggesting that the Committee become a provisional government until peace was restored. I rallied the people to fight against the invading forces of Austria and Prussia. Thus Mona Ozouf concluded that I 'was a man who sought to stabilise the Revolution by strengthening the government, establishing the Revolutionary Tribunal, centralising administration, relying on military justice and devoting little thought to problem of creating enduring institutions". However, in 1793, I changed my opinions, resigning from the Ministry of Justice and opposing the Terror. I and my followers, the Indulgents, were executed by order of the Committee of Public Safety 5 April 1794 (16 Germinal, Year II) | Danton, Georges Jacques (1759-94) | 19. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 19 -- I am best known for my great painting of The Oath of the Tennis Courts, and the portraits of the revolutionary martyrs Marat, Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau and Bara. My small sketch of Marie-Antoinette on my way to execution projects the pathos of my figure and the sadness of my fall. David was a member of the Jacobin Club, a deputy to the government of the Convention and voted for the execution of Louis XVI. I was a close friend of Robespierre's, but escaped my friend's fate, being honoured by Napoleon in the years following with the title of Chevalier of the Empire. In 1816, I went into exile rather than live in restoration France, but after my death, my body was returned and buried at Pere Lachaise cemetery. | David, Jacques-Louis (1748-1825) | 20. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 20 -- I was a school friend of Robespierre's at the College Louis-le-Grand. The son of an official from Guise, I trained as a lawyer, but my stammer was a disadvantage in representing people in court. I practised as a journalist, producing first the Revolutions de France and Brabant and from December, 1793, Le Vieux Cordelier. I was involved in the Revolution from its beginning, haranguing crowds at the Palais Royal in support of the Revolution on July 12, 1789. I failed to get elected to the Estates-General, but was active in urging that the King be brought back to Paris on October 5-6. I became a founding member of the Cordeliers and was active in the Champ de Mars protest in July, 1791. I was elected to the National Convention and became a moderate Jacobin, a supporter of Danton and a critic of Robespierre. I was arrested, along with Danton and the other Indulgents in March 1794, and guillotined on 5 April, 1794. | Desmoulins, Camille (1760-94) | 21. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 21 -- I was a professional soldier and diplomat before 1789. I was made a general because of my victories at Valmy, where 52,000 French troops defeated 34,000 Prussians in September and at Jemappes in November 1792. My political sympathies were with the Girondins, but I was also prepared to negotiate with the Austrians, in spite of my hatred for them. My plan to evacuate Belgium, make peace with Austria and march to Paris to overthrow the Convention and restore the Constitution of 1791 was thwarted by my soldiers' refusal to follow him. I fled to Austria, my defection contributing to the fall of the Girondins. | Dumouriez, Charles-Francois (1739-1823) | 22. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 22 -- I was a playwright and a journalist. During the Revolution, I became an advocate for women, demanding that they have the same right in the new society as the men. I challenged the oppression of male authority over women and was a founding member of the Fraternal Society of Citizens of Both Sexes, an organisation of around 800 people whose goal was to extend the rights accorded to males to include females. In 1791, I published The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Citizeness. In Article 1, I declared 'Woman is born free and remains equal in rights."" The Declaration included a marriage contract with a heavy emphasis on property rights. I died at the guillotine in 1793 as a result of my strong political stance. | Gouges, Olympe de (1748-93) | 23. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 23 -- A journalist by trade. I published my radical journal Le Pere Duchesne from 1790-1794. It became the platform for my virulent attacks on the monarchy, opponents of the revolution and my political opponents. In 1791, I became a member of the Cordeliers Club and on 9 August 1792 a member of the Revolutionary Commune of Paris: both became the basis for the dissemination of my increasingly radical views. Hebert saw himself as the representative of the Paris poor and was largely responsible for the passing of two significant pieces of legislation during the Terror. the Law of the Maximum and the Law of Suspects. My increasing power over the sans-culottes and within the Commune of Paris established me as a threat to the survival of the National Convention: direct democracy as exercised through the journees was turned against the government. Robespierre saw that I must be removed or Paris would be thrown into anarchy. In the middle of planning a demonstration against the National Convention, my followers and I were arrested. We were sent to the guillotine on 15 May 1794. | Hebert, Jacques-Rene, (1757-1794) | 24. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 24 -- I was a hero of the American War, a member of the Assembly of Notables and of the Society of Thirty. I came back from the American Revolution enthused with the 'spirit of the revolution ', of liberal government, equal citizenship. democratic principles and the rule of reason. I was an influential early leader of the Aristocratic Revolt and a strong supporter of the Revolution itself. The aristocratic enthusiasts for change were 'all the more influential because they hailed from the summit of the peerage"' I was elected to the Estates -General in 1789 and was appointed the first commander of the National Guard in July of that year. In 1791 I helped found the Feuillant Club. I lost popularity because of my favour towards the crown after the Flight to Varennes and my opening fire on the crowd at the Champs de Mars (July 1791). In 1792 I became a commandant at the frontier and denounced the influence of the clubs, especially the Jacobins. I failed to gain the support of my troops for a march on Paris, and after the fall of the King, I crossed to the Austrians on 19 August 1792. I was imprisoned in Austria until 1797, after which I lived in retirement until after Waterloo. With the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814-15, I became more active and commanded the National Guard again in 1830 to help Louis Philippe ascend the throne. | Lafayette, the Marquis de (1757-1834) | 25. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 25 -- I was a chocolate manufacturer who soon became caught up in the revolutionary politics of my Section. In 1791 I addressed the National Assembly on behalf of Parisian women, suggesting that a women's militia be formed. In July 1791 I signed the petition at the Champs de Mars. Along with Claire Lacombe, I founded the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women and became its president in 1793. I married Le Clerc who led the Enrages and was an associate of Jaques Roux, the Red Priest. After the National Convention, dominated by the Montagnards who were aiming for centralisation of power, declared all women's clubs and associations illegal on 30 October 1793, I was detained until August 1794. I survived the Revolution but little is known about my subsequent career. | Leon, Pauline (1758- ? ) | 26. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 26 -- I was one of the early supporters of the Revolution, my liberal political philosophy seeming to be a complete contradiction to my name and status. I was one of the seven princes appointed to the Assembly of Notables in 1786 and chaired one of the committees which discussed Calonne's proposed reforms. I was openly opposed to absolute power and at the Royal Session called by Louis XV1 to force registration of the tax reforms, it was Orleans who challenged Louis' right to forcibly register the loans against the remonstrance of the Parlement of Paris. In 1788, I joined the Society of Thirty, the group of liberal patriots whose goal was to reform the French political system. I became a deputy to the National Assembly and the Convention as a radical Jacobin and member of the so-called Mountain, along with Robespierre. Danton, Desmoulins, Marat, David, Couthon, Saint-Just, Carnot and others. I voted for the execution of my cousin, Louis XVI, but was himself executed in 1793. My son was to become the last King of France from 1830-1848. | Louis-Philippe-Joseph, Duke d'Orleans, or Philippe-Egalite (1747-93) | 27. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 27 -- I originally qualified as a doctor, but from 1789 was best known as a radical journalist and editor of the widely read newspaper L'ami du people. I was a member of the Cordeliers Club and, through my paper, incited violence which led to the September Massacres of 1792. I was a strong supporter of the Mountain. The attack on me by the Girondins was one factor which led to their expulsion from the Convention in June 1793. I was assassinated in my bath by Charlotte Corday, a Girondin supporter, on 13 July 1793 and through a painting by David of the subject, became immortalized as a martyr of the Revolution. The Jacobins gave me a massive public funeral and I was buried in the Pantheon, along side other heroes of the Revolution. | Marat, Jean -Paul (1743-93) | 28. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 28 -- I became a deputy of the Third Estate, representing the town of Aix. According to Schama, `He was not just esteemed. He was loved. The black sheep of the family had become the white knight of the people."' But, he adds 'if he was no longer an aristocrat, he would never be a democrat ... what he sought was a new monarchy, one supported not by hierarchy and privilege, but by popular endorsement."' I was the great voice of the early Revolution: 'War on the privileged and privileges,' I declared `That's my motto."' When the King's troops threatened to eject the rebellious deputies from the Tennis Court, it was me who stood my ground: 'Go and tell those who sent you that we are here by the will of the people and that we will go only if driven out by bayonets.."' I later fell into disrepute, because I negotiated and took money from the court. attempting to find common ground between the monarchy and the National Assembly. I died in 1791, probably of a stroke. | Mirabeau, Honore-Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de (1749-91) | 29. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 29 -- When I tried to speak to the Convention on July 27, I was drowned out by cries of 'Down with the tyrant'. Aware that I was about to be arrested, in the evening of 27 July I attempted to shoot himself, but only broke my jaw. I was guillotined on the afternoon of 28 July along with Couthon, Saint-Just and nineteen others', thus marking the end of the Terror. Robespierre's corpse and head were buried in the common cemetery at Errancis, today the Place Goubeaux. My gravestone is unmarked. | Robespierre, Maximilian Marie-Isidore (1758-94) | 30. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 30 -- My background was in manufacturing, first as an inspector of manufactures under Louis XVI's government, then later as Minister of the Interior in 1792, after Louis arrest, I became one of the most prominent of the Girondin faction. When the Girondins fell from power, I was arrested, but managed to escape. However. when I heard of my wife's death at the guillotine, I committed suicide. A note found beside my body read `Whoever you are who find me lying here, respect my remains; they are those of a man who devoted my life to being useful and who died as I had lived, virtuous and honest | Roland, Jean-Marie (1734-93) | 31. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 31 -- Daughter of an artist, I was an intelligent, studious and articulate woman. I married the future Girondin, Jean-Marie Roland and became famous for my salon in Paris, which attracted all the important revolutionary leaders, including Robespierre, Brissot and Petion. However, after I publicly attacked the violence of the Revolution, the couple fell from favour. While my husband was able to escape the arrest of the Girondins, I was imprisoned on 1 June 1793. I was executed on 8 November 1793. As a woman, I was privileged to go to the guillotine first in order to be spared the sight of previous deaths, but insisted that others go ahead of me. I watched steadfastly, then when my turn came, in a last courageous gesture, I bowed before the statue of liberty in the Place de la Revolution and proclaimed for all to hear: 'Oh, Liberty! What crimes are committed in your name!' | Roland, Manon Philipon (1754 -1793) | 32. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 32 -- I was educated as a lawyer, joined the National Guard in 1789 and at the age of twenty-five. was the youngest deputy in the National Convention. I became a close associate of Robespierre's on the Committee of Public Safety and became known as the `angel of death'. After 9 Thermidor. I was sent to the guillotine with Robespierre. | Saint-Just, Louis Antoine de (1767-94) | 33. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 33 -- I studied for the priesthood at the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice and was later appointed the cure for Chartres. I became a radical writer, producing my influential pamphlet What Is the Third Estate? in January 1789. In it I questioned the nature of French society and challenged the privileges of the nobility: 'What is the Third Estate? Everything, but an everything shackled and oppressed.' I became a deputy for the Third Estate in the Estates-General, a member of the National Convention and survived the Revolution to become instrumental in bringing Napoleon to power. I was involved in all subsequent governments up to the defeat of Napoleon. After Napoleon's fall, I was exiled to Brussels until 1830. | Sieves, Emmanuel Joseph (1748-1836) | 34. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 34 -- I was born into the nobility. I studied at the seminary of Saint-Sulpice and the Sorbonne and in 1788, before I had actually been made a priest, was appointed Bishop of Autun. I was elected as a noble deputy to the Estates-General. I accepted the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, but gave up the Church to become Ambassador to London for the revolutionary government of the Terror. By 1794 I was in America looking for land to sell to French émigrés. In 1796 I was able to return to France, exonerated from the charge of being an émigré himself. I had, as Boissy d'Anglas argued, been unjustly proscribed as I had been sent abroad on an official mission. I was to play a major role in bringing Napoleon to power and later served the government of Louis XVIII. | Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles-Maurice (1754-1838) | 35. Key People in the French Revolution: WHO AM I? -- 35 -- I was one of the leading Girondins. I was a supporter of the war against Austria and Prussia, opposed extending the franchise to the sans-culottes and the execution of Louis XV1. I fell from power with my leader Brissot and the other Girondins, was arrested and imprisoned on 2 June 1793 and executed with my colleagues on 31 October 1793. One of the leading orators of the Girondin faction, it was I who delivered on 13 March 1793 in the National Convention the famous and terrible prophecy that' It must be feared that the Revolution, like Saturn, successfully devouring its children, will engender, finally, only despotism and the calamities which accompany it."' | Vergniaud, Pierre (1753-1793) |
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