BATTLE AT LITTLE BIGHORN 1876 Sioux victory over US army troops led by George Custer
BATTLE OF THE ALAMO Battle between Texas and Mexico in 1836
BEAVER PELTS Valuable beaver skin used for hats and other apparel items
BLACK HAWK WAR This 1832 American Indian War was a brief conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader.
CALIFORNIA As a result of the gold rush,it grew in population so quickly that it skipped the territorial phase of becoming a state.
CAPITALISM Private businesses and individuals control the means of production.
CESSION/CEDE something given up in a treaty, usually territory
CHEROKEE This Native American tribe is the largest tribe in the United States. They were forced from their lands in Georgia beginning in 1829.
CHIEF JOSEPH leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)
CHINESE IMMIGRANTS Many Chinese came to America with the 1849 California Gold Rush; many then returned to China.
EMPRESARIOS This term is defined as an agent who is allowed to grant land to settlers in Texas.
ERIE CANAL A central link between American agriculture and European markets.
FIRST SEMINOLE WAR 1817-1818 war between U.S. soldiers and Seminole Indians in Florida
FIRST SIOUX WAR bloody war fought against the Plains Indians in the Wyoming-Montana region (1866-1868)
GADSDEN PURCHASE 1853 purchase by the United States of southwestern lands from Mexico
I WILL FIGHT NO MORE FOREVER Speech by Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce
IMMIGRATION Migration to a new location
JAMES POLK This person was the 11th president of the United States, serving from 1845 to 1849.
LEWIS AND CLARK Two explorers sent by the president to explore the Louisiana Purchase
LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1803 Purchase from France by the United States of the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.
MANIFEST DESTINY Belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.
MARKET REVOLUTION People bought and sold goods rather than making them for their own use
NEZ PERCE This Native American tribe once lived throughout the Northwest United States.
NEW PERCE WAR Conflict between the Nez Perce & the US gov't
CHIEF JOSEPH finally agrees to surrender & relocate to reservation
OREGON TRAIL This trail is a 2,170-mile route that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.
OREGON TREATY 1846 treaty established the 49th parallel as the border between British owned Canada and the United States.
OSCEOLA Seminole leader during the Second Seminole War
REPUBLIC OF TEXAS Independent nation that was created after Texans defeated Mexico in the Texas Revolution
SAND CREEK MASSACRE an attack on Cheyenne Natives on 29 November 1864 that resulted in the death of more than 200 tribal members
SANTA FE TRAIL 780 miles from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico.
SECOND SEMINOLE WAR 1835 war in which the Seminoles tried to retain their land in Florida
SEMINOLE TRIBE This tribe was formed out of people from several other tribes in the 1700s.
SEQUOYAH Creator of the Cherokee alphabet making reading and writing in Cherokee possible.
SIOUX Tribe that lived in plains near the Rockies; primary resource was the buffalo
TELEGRAPH A device in 1837 that could carry messages, tapped in code, across copper wire.
THIRD SEMINOLE WAR A war in the 1850s where the U.S. military tried to get the last of the Seminole tribe out of Florida
THOMAS JEFFERSON 3rd President of the United States who was in charge of the Louisiana Purchase.
TRAIL OF TEARS the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma
TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO 1848 treaty ending the Mexican-American War
TREATY OF NEW ECHOTA This treaty gave Jackson the legal document he needed to remove the Cherokee.
WORCESTER V GEORGIA In 1832, this U.S. Supreme Court case ruled in favor of the Cherokee.
WOUNDED KNEE MASSACRE mass killing by U.S. soldiers of as many as 300 unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890
