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PREMIUM LOGIN
ClassTools Premium membership gives access to all templates, no advertisements, personal branding and many other benefits!
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Submit
Cancel
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1. Arrange students into groups. Each group needs at least ONE person who has a mobile device.
2. If their phone camera doesn't automatically detect and decode QR codes, ask students to
4. Cut them out and place them around your class / school.
1. Give each group a clipboard and a piece of paper so they can write down the decoded questions and their answers to them.
2. Explain to the students that the codes are hidden around the school. Each team will get ONE point for each question they correctly decode and copy down onto their sheet, and a further TWO points if they can then provide the correct answer and write this down underneath the question.
3. Away they go! The winner is the first team to return with the most correct answers in the time available. This could be within a lesson, or during a lunchbreak, or even over several days!
4. A detailed case study in how to set up a successful QR Scavenger Hunt using this tool can be found here.
Question | Answer |
| 1. 1. What was a vigilante? | Vigilante Committees were set up in towns in the absence of a Marshal. In some areas they helped clean up the territory. They tended to take the law into their own hands and used violence against people they did not like. They carried out lynchings. | 2. 2. Explain why violence was common in the West? | The West was a huge area, which meant policing it was difficult. Mining towns and Cow towns were full of people who were out to make a fast buck. There were conflicts between groups such as homesteaders who tried to stop cowboys crossing their land. Guns such as the Colt 45s and Winchester Rifles were easy to get hold of. There were many gangs and gunslingers and few judges. | 3. 3. Describe the career of Calmity Jane. | Her real name was Martha Jane Cannary. She was a heavy drinking prostitute who was good with a gun. She joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. She wrote an autobiography but died in poverty in 1903. | 4. 4. How successful were the cattle barons in the Johnson County War? | The Johnson County war began in 1890 when Wyoming became a state. The cattle barons who had formed the Wyoming Stock Growers Association took control of the state government. They wanted to take land from the small ranchers and homesteaders. They hired vigilantes to kill James Averill and Ella Watson who were accused of rustling. Then in 1892 they brought in an army of Texas gunmen to try to capture the county town of Buffalo. They failed. In the short term they escaped conviction in the courts. In the long run the homesteaders and small ranchers used fences to close the open range. The cattle barons lost power and status. | 5. 5. Explain why towns developed in the West? | Towns developed for several reasons. To begin with there were trading posts on the trails where mountain men, trappers, wagons and Pony Express riders could stop for a rest and to buy and sell. Also, homesteaders used towns to sell their produce and buy tools and seeds. Thirdly, there were the towns built around railway junctions. Many of these became Cow towns like Abilene, Dodge City and Wichita. Lastly there were mining towns such as those that grew up during thye 1849 California Gold Rush. | 6. 6. Were the authorities successful in maintaining law and order in the West? | To begin with there was little law and order. There were not enough law enforcement officers because of the huge area that had to be covered. US marshals, deputies, sheriffs and judges were appointed but there were never enough. Many towns appointed their own marshals and sheriffs and this meant they could be corrupt. The story of Wyall Earp is an example of this. Henry Plummer is an example of a sherrif who used the law for his own ends. Bill Tilghman is an example of a good lawman who tried to use persuasion rather than a gun. In many towns enforcers ended up being killed. However, dime novels and hollywood movies have exaggerated the lawlessness. | 7. 7. Who was Sitting Bull? | He was a great Sioux leader who refused to accept living on the reservations. Along with Crazy Horse he refused to accept the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868. Fought at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876. | 8. 8. Explain why the Plains Wars began in the 1860s? | During this decade more settlers began to arrive on the Plains in wagons trains and after 1869, by railway. Many tresties such as the Fort Laramie treaties (1851,1868) and Medicine Creek (1867) were broken. The Indians were forced to live on the reservations, which stopped them from hunting the buffako. White hunters slaughtered the buffalo. The US Army masssacred Black Kettle's Cheyenne at Sand Creek (1864) and Washits (1868) | 9. 9. What was the Ghost Dance Movement? | By 1890 the Indians had been forced into the reservations and had lost their hunting grounds. The Ghost Dance was the last hope of the Indians. They believed that if they danced the Great Spirit would help make the White people leave their land and all the dead Indians and buffalo would return. | 10. 10.Explain why General Custer lost the Battle of Little Bighorn? | General Custer was an arrogant, glory seeking army leader who had already defeated the Indians at Washita in 1868. Custer was sent to kill or capture the Sioux Indians lead by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. He was ordered to wait for Gibbon and Terry. He ignored this order. He also ignored the advice of his scouts about the size of the Indian camp. He then made the mistake of dividing his forces into three sections (Reno, Benteen, Custer)He went ahead hoping to get all the glory. He and his men were killed. | 11. 11. What was a rancher? | A person who owned or managed a cattle ranch. These often covered huge areas on the Plains. | 12. 12. Explain why the Civil War led to further settlement of the Plains. | When the American Civil War ended in 1865 there were many soldiers looking to start a new life, especially the confederates who had lost the war. Many black ex-slaves were trying to get away from the plantations in the old South. The Plains offered a new life with plenty of land for farming. During the war the Texas Longhorn cattle had continued to breed. There were 5 million. Ranchers could make a fortune taking them to railways on the Plains to the north. | 13. 13. How successful was the government in persuading people to move West? | The government used the idea of Manifest Destiny to persuade people to move West. They encouraged railways to cross the Plains. They wanted to benefit from gold mines and farming. They passed the Homestead Act in 1862 which gave 160 acres of free plots to farmers. In 1873 the Timber Culture Act gave 160 acres to anyone who could plant 40 acres of trees. The 1877 Desert Land Act gave 640 acres at a low price in drier areas. | 14. 14. What was the Pony Express? | In 1860 the Waddell and Russell frieght company started a mail service using young riders who rode at incredible speeds. The mailbags were given to fresh riders and horse at 150 relay stations on the Oregon and California trails. It took ten days to get a letter from Missouri to California. The service only lasted two years as it was replaced by telegraph and later on, railways. | 15. 15. What problems did Homesteaders face when farming on the Plains? | The homsteaders faced many problems on the Plains. The ground was often hard and dry. There was a lack of wood and water. The summers were baking hot and the winters freezing. There were also fires and plagues of insects (grasshoppers) | 16. 16. How did new technology help homesteaders farm the Plains? | Turkey red wheat, which was a tougher wheat from Russia that would grow in harsh climates. John Deere invented a sharper, stronger plough called the sod buster. Joeseoh Glidden invented barbed wire in 1874 which enabled homesteaders to protect their crops from the cowboys and their cattle. The invention of the wind pump allowed farmers to get water from below the surface. New irregation methods like dry farming was a way of trapping moisture in the ground. | 17. 17. Was the spread of the railroad the main reason people settled on the Plains? | Railroads played a huge part after 1869. They advertised cheap land and gave credit. They needed to sell the land the government had given them to make money for new railways. They offered exploration tickets to allow farmers to find land. Cowboys were encouraged to use the railways to transport cattle. Other factors: poverty, religious persecution (Mormons etc)lack of land in the East, Gold rush (1849) Government laws (Homestead Act, Timber Culture Act, Desert Land Act) | 18. 18. What is counting coup? | It was considered braver to touch an enemy than to kill him. War was made into a ritual and warriors would keep score using notches on their coup sticks or eagle feathers. | 19. 19. Why was the buffalo so important to the Plains Indians? | The Indians would use every part of the buffalo e.g skin for clothes and tipis, bones for arrowheads, dice, jewellery etc. The Indians believed the buffalo was sacred. They would hold a ceremonial dance before hunting the buffalo called the Buffalo dance. The Indians depended on the buffalo for survival, their lifestyle revolved around hunting the buffalo. | 20. 20. Who was a Shaman? | A medicine man who could cure sickness and was the spiritual leader of the tribe. Medicine men used both natural remedies like herbs and supernatural ones like driving out evil spirits. | 21. 21. Who was George Catlin? | Born 1796. Was an artist and entrepreneur who travelled widely in the West in the 1830s. He drew/painted the Plains Indians as a record of their society. He ended up with over 500 drawings/paintings. He was sympathetic to the Indian way of life. He influenced how many people thought about the Indians. | 22. 22. What was "Manifest Destiny"? | The United States was destined to dominate the entire continent. As their government was the perfect government, many Americans believed it was their god given duty to spread their way of life across the continent. | 23. 23. What was the rendezvous? | Once a year trappers gathered at an agreed spot to trade their catch. They would meet merchants who brought rifles, powder, knives etc. The mountain men would tell the merchants of the rich land in the west. Friendly Indians may also be present at the rendezvous. | 24. 24. Who were the Sagars? | The Sagars were settlers who travelled West in wagons in 1844. They faced many hardships along the way including: camp fever, broken bones, buffalo stampedes, measles, and Indian attack. | 25. 25. What was life like in mining towns? | Normally consisted of one street, ankle deep in mud or dust, lived in shacks amde from old blankets spread over wooden frames, worked hard all day, diseases like scurvy, diarrhoea, dysentry and malaria were common. Gambling was common, as was prostitution and drinking. | 26. 26. Name the three places that the Mormons were forced to leave. | Kirtland(1831-7), Nauvoo(1839-46), Missouri(1837-8). | 27. 27. How successful were the Mormons in Salt Lake City? | The Mormons were successful because they solved the problem of lack of water by creating irrigation systems. People were given exact times when they could draw water. The city was well planned - Brigham Young sent men ahead to plan what land people would get so the city was set out with equal plots of land for each family. They were also successful at persuading people to come to Utah using the P.E.F (perpetual emigrating fund) Young sent missionaries across Europe and set up the fund to pay for their passage to Salt Lake. | 28. 28. What was the Mountain Meadow Massacre? | A group of 140 emigrants were passing through Utah heading for california. They had no time for the Mormons, releasing cattle into their fields and calling the women whores. The Mormons attacked and killed all the settlers to prevent news of the killings getting out. They spread the story that they had been killed by Indians but they were not believed. The US army invaded Utah. They were offered a pardon if they accepted the authority of the US government and a gentile(non Mormon) governor was selected. | 29. 29. Who was Charles Russell? | Known as the "cowboy artist" he worked on ranches between 1880 and 1892. He drew upon his experience to paint action packed pictures of cowboy life. | 30. 30. What was a Dime Novel? | They appeared in 1860 and were very successful. They were often based on real people but their plots were entirely fictional and often widely exaggerated. An example of these would be the buffalo bill stories. They helped create the myth of the west. |
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