| Question | Answer |
| Briefly describe the limitations of Edward Titchener's method of “introspection” and explain why current psychological researchers would be unlikely to use introspection to gather data | Student responses should list some of the relevant limitations of introspection as an accurate data-gathering method, such as the possibility of errors in people's self-reports, people's inability to describe experiences completely, and variations among people.
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| | William James developed his theory of functionalism around the same time Charles Darwin was developing the theory of evolution. How did Darwin's theory influence James' theory of functionalism? | Students should indicate that the primary influence involves adaptation, the idea that organisms adapt to environmental conditions. Darwin described how successive generations of animals physically adapt through natural selection; James thought that our cognitive abilities developed as adaptations that contribute to our survival. Students need to describe this connection, but do not necessarily need to use the term adaptation.
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| | Mr. Kay is interested in whether individual differences affect learning. Mr. Kay is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. | Educational
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| | Mr. Christian has designed a camera with buttons that are easy to reach and see. Mr. Christian is most likely | engaged in applied research
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| | According to the text, the SQ3R study method is effective because it | utilizes active processing of the text information.
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| | A student who has a strong background in statistics, and who does not want to work as closely with patients, would be an ideal candidate to become a(n) _____ psychologist. | psychometric
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| | Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual behavior. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the | biopsychosocial
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| | Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory? | biological
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| | Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences? | cognitive
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| | Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses? | behavioral
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| | Mark believes that people are genetically predisposed to dislike bitter-tasting foods because this has enhanced human survival. His belief best illustrates the ________ perspective. | evolutionary
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| | Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective. | psychodynamic
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| | Dr. Kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small African country can be attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region. This belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective. | social-cultural
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| | Dr. Robinson conducts basic research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent? | biological
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| | Dr. Winkle conducts basic research on the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging. It is most likely that Dr. Winkle is a(n) ________ psychologist. | developmental
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| | Dr. Veenstra conducts basic research on the impact of racial prejudice on behavior. Dr. Veenstra is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. | social
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| | Working in a community mental health center, Dr. Thatcher treats adults who suffer from severe depression. Dr. Thatcher is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. | clinical
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| | Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind? | Titchner
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| | The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by | William James
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| | Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.? | Margaret Washburn
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| | Who would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior? | Sigmund Freud
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| | The inheritance of behavioral characteristics was emphasized by | Charles Darwin
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| | Depression is an illness that may be related to chemical imbalances in the brain, illogical thinking, and impaired social skills. Such an integrated explanation best illustrates the | Biopsychosocial approach
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| | While reading her AP Psychology textbook, Sara scans the section headings, noticing how the units are organized, and forms questions to answer while reading. According to the text, her strategy best reflects | active processing of material
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| | The psychologist most likely to help an attorney make selections of jury members is a(n) ____ psychologist. | forensic |
